In a word, no. The correct grammar would be "Did you enjoy the party?", if it's a simple past tense question. Or, another way would be "Have you enjoyed the party?", making this in the perfect tense. But the question is wrong as posted.

Did you enjoy the party?

The word "did" in "did you enjoy" has placed the verb in past tense already, so you wouldn't place it in past tense again by adding -ed.

Basically, there are three way to form the past tense of an English verb:
use "did" with the indicative: you did enjoy
add -ed or -d to the indicative, if the verb is regular: you enjoyed
put the auxiliary of the continuous form in past tense: you were enjoying

The question forms are
did you enjoy?
enjoyed you? (no longer used)
were you enjoying?

You should use only one of the three. In conversation, you can also say, "You enjoyed the party?" This means, "You enjoyed the party, right?" or "You enjoyed the party, do I understand you correctly?"

You can say "have you enjoyed?" but that would be the present perfect tense. You would use it only if the party were still in progress.

To see if the present perfect is appropriate, you can often add "so far" to the sentence. If it still means the same thing, you can use the present perfect. This doesn't work with "ever," though, so you have to remove "ever" before you add "so far."

No, that's incorrect. You would ask, "Did you enjoy the party?" The response could be either "Yes I enjoyed it" or "Yes I did enjoy it". The "did" is the past tense verb instead of "enjoy" .

enjoyed is past tense. You would say, "Did you enjoy the party?" I would answer, "Yes, I enjoyed it very much."

No, you should say "did you enjoy the party?"

It would be proper to use 'enjoyed' as "I enjoyed the party last night" or "have you enjoyed the party so far?"

Correct grammar, "Did you enjoy the party"?

No. The correct usage is, "Did you enjoy the party?" We need to use the auziliary verb to do when asking questions in the simple past.

This link may help you - Simple Past Forms